1. 1. What made the Filipino insurrection "far different than any conflict in which Americans had previously fought"?
The type of warfare during the Filipino insurrection made it “far different than any conflict in which Americans had previously fought”. Usually, there were rules of war that were in place during battles with Western countries. Both sides cast these rules aside during the Filipino insurrection. Filipinos acted with guerrilla warfare and struck quickly. They were also a difficult army for the United States to fight because they were not an organized army and America was more accustomed to fighting organized armies. Prisoners were tortured and some were executed during the insurrection, while prisoners were usually not harmed in such ways. Sometimes, Filipino prisoners were killed randomly when there were guerrilla strikes. Also, around two hundred fifty thousand civilians were killed. Many Filipino insurgents blended into the civilian population, which might have contributed to this problem. The U.S. also ended up having to resort to the tactics that Spain had used on the Cubans. They would punish civilians for the actions of Filipino guerrillas. On the island of Samar, the inhabitants were more or less imprisoned and there were orders for the execution of any male over age ten who had not surrendered. None of these actions were very familiar to the U.S. army, making the Filipino insurrection “far different than any conflict in which Americans had previously fought”.
2. Why were African-Americans among the strongest critics of the war against the Filipino nationalists?
African-Americans were among the strongest critics of the war against the Filipino nationalists. This contributed to their being fewer honors in fighting the Philippines then there was in the Cuban conflicts. One of the reasons African-Americans were against the war with Filipino nationalists was that many in the American army had views about the Filipinos that were based on race. They referred to the Filipinos as “niggers” and made many other offensive comments based on race. Since African-Americans were victims of this type of racism, they could not support a war partially based on racism. Another reason was that the same racism that existed in the United States existed in the Philippines. Many places were “white only”, such as restaurants and barbershops. African-American soldiers were reminded of this quite often because Filipinos were able to irritate the soldiers by emphasizing the situation. They did this by doing things such as creating and distributing posters to the “Colored American Soldier” that described the injustices that they were already aware of. These reasons were why African Americans were among the strongest critics of the war against the Filipino nationalists. They might have also been reason why there was an increased rate of desertion among African-American soldiers, which lead to an increase on the number of African Americans living in the Philippines after the war.
3. Why did the United States lose its appetite for imperialism in the early 1900s?
The United States lost its appetite for the imperialism in the early 1900s for many reasons. Americans were no longer as enthusiastic about being an empire. The issue was just not as important as it had been for most Americans. Roosevelt had always been trying to promote the colonies and Mark Twain’s writing was supporting the anti-imperialists, but the Americans were not as railed up as they once were. Having the government very upset and worried about an issue that did not matter to the American people must have worn on them. Another reason was that Theodore Roosevelt was beginning to doubt the empire. He was beginning to see how difficult occupying an empire was how poorly prepared the country was to occupy another country. This led him to go as far as to call the islands “America’s Achilles heel” in 1907. Clearly, America lost its appetite for imperialism because Americans were apathetic about the issue of imperialism, occupying another area was difficult, and America was not prepared to occupy another country.
4. How did the United States contribute to the development of Cuba and Puerto Rico?
The United States contributed to the development of Cuba and Puerto Rico. America wanted to keep their trading in the Caribbean strong and safe. These interests led to technology and administrative expertise from America being introduced to more and more areas in the Caribbean. With the new technology and help with establishing administrations from America, Cuba and Puerto Rico were developing at even faster rates.
5. Why did many Cubans come to resent the U.S. presence on their island?
Many Cubans came to resent the U.S. presence on their island. The resentment toward the U.S. first started in Cuba when nationalists asked for their immediate independence from Spain around 1900. When the U.S. tried to slow down the nationalists and their want for independence, the Cubans were not pleased. Then, America created a formula so Cuba would gain independence as long as they agreed to limitations such as the U.S. overseeing Cuba’s trade and foreign policies. They also had the right to intervene with these issues. There were also many struggling Cubans because there were so many Americans taking and making money off of their crops. Also, Americans built a naval base in Cuba, which irritated the Cubans. All of those reasons caused Cubans to come to resent the U.S. presence on their island.
6. Do you believe the United States was imperialist? why or why not? The United States was imperialist. This is clearly true because the United States took over and oppressed countries in order to gain power. The United States limited the freedom of Cuban trade and how they could conduct themselves as a country. There was constant conflict in the Philippines and many Filipinos were killed. Puerto Rico and Hawaii were also taken over. Imperialists take over other countries for power and sometimes even because they believe that God wants the country to take over another country. One reason the United States took over Cuba was to take away the power from Spain and some even believed that the Cubans were of a lesser race and that God wanted them to take over the Cubans. The United States took the Philippines because they wanted access to China and Hawaii because it would be good from trade. Both of those are power reasons and typical of imperialist countries. They also thought that God wanted them to help the people and expand, which is another typical imperialist thought. Clearly, the United States of America were imperialist.
The type of warfare during the Filipino insurrection made it “far different than any conflict in which Americans had previously fought”. Usually, there were rules of war that were in place during battles with Western countries. Both sides cast these rules aside during the Filipino insurrection. Filipinos acted with guerrilla warfare and struck quickly. They were also a difficult army for the United States to fight because they were not an organized army and America was more accustomed to fighting organized armies. Prisoners were tortured and some were executed during the insurrection, while prisoners were usually not harmed in such ways. Sometimes, Filipino prisoners were killed randomly when there were guerrilla strikes. Also, around two hundred fifty thousand civilians were killed. Many Filipino insurgents blended into the civilian population, which might have contributed to this problem. The U.S. also ended up having to resort to the tactics that Spain had used on the Cubans. They would punish civilians for the actions of Filipino guerrillas. On the island of Samar, the inhabitants were more or less imprisoned and there were orders for the execution of any male over age ten who had not surrendered. None of these actions were very familiar to the U.S. army, making the Filipino insurrection “far different than any conflict in which Americans had previously fought”.
2. Why were African-Americans among the strongest critics of the war against the Filipino nationalists?
African-Americans were among the strongest critics of the war against the Filipino nationalists. This contributed to their being fewer honors in fighting the Philippines then there was in the Cuban conflicts. One of the reasons African-Americans were against the war with Filipino nationalists was that many in the American army had views about the Filipinos that were based on race. They referred to the Filipinos as “niggers” and made many other offensive comments based on race. Since African-Americans were victims of this type of racism, they could not support a war partially based on racism. Another reason was that the same racism that existed in the United States existed in the Philippines. Many places were “white only”, such as restaurants and barbershops. African-American soldiers were reminded of this quite often because Filipinos were able to irritate the soldiers by emphasizing the situation. They did this by doing things such as creating and distributing posters to the “Colored American Soldier” that described the injustices that they were already aware of. These reasons were why African Americans were among the strongest critics of the war against the Filipino nationalists. They might have also been reason why there was an increased rate of desertion among African-American soldiers, which lead to an increase on the number of African Americans living in the Philippines after the war.
3. Why did the United States lose its appetite for imperialism in the early 1900s?
The United States lost its appetite for the imperialism in the early 1900s for many reasons. Americans were no longer as enthusiastic about being an empire. The issue was just not as important as it had been for most Americans. Roosevelt had always been trying to promote the colonies and Mark Twain’s writing was supporting the anti-imperialists, but the Americans were not as railed up as they once were. Having the government very upset and worried about an issue that did not matter to the American people must have worn on them. Another reason was that Theodore Roosevelt was beginning to doubt the empire. He was beginning to see how difficult occupying an empire was how poorly prepared the country was to occupy another country. This led him to go as far as to call the islands “America’s Achilles heel” in 1907. Clearly, America lost its appetite for imperialism because Americans were apathetic about the issue of imperialism, occupying another area was difficult, and America was not prepared to occupy another country.
4. How did the United States contribute to the development of Cuba and Puerto Rico?
The United States contributed to the development of Cuba and Puerto Rico. America wanted to keep their trading in the Caribbean strong and safe. These interests led to technology and administrative expertise from America being introduced to more and more areas in the Caribbean. With the new technology and help with establishing administrations from America, Cuba and Puerto Rico were developing at even faster rates.
5. Why did many Cubans come to resent the U.S. presence on their island?
Many Cubans came to resent the U.S. presence on their island. The resentment toward the U.S. first started in Cuba when nationalists asked for their immediate independence from Spain around 1900. When the U.S. tried to slow down the nationalists and their want for independence, the Cubans were not pleased. Then, America created a formula so Cuba would gain independence as long as they agreed to limitations such as the U.S. overseeing Cuba’s trade and foreign policies. They also had the right to intervene with these issues. There were also many struggling Cubans because there were so many Americans taking and making money off of their crops. Also, Americans built a naval base in Cuba, which irritated the Cubans. All of those reasons caused Cubans to come to resent the U.S. presence on their island.
6. Do you believe the United States was imperialist? why or why not? The United States was imperialist. This is clearly true because the United States took over and oppressed countries in order to gain power. The United States limited the freedom of Cuban trade and how they could conduct themselves as a country. There was constant conflict in the Philippines and many Filipinos were killed. Puerto Rico and Hawaii were also taken over. Imperialists take over other countries for power and sometimes even because they believe that God wants the country to take over another country. One reason the United States took over Cuba was to take away the power from Spain and some even believed that the Cubans were of a lesser race and that God wanted them to take over the Cubans. The United States took the Philippines because they wanted access to China and Hawaii because it would be good from trade. Both of those are power reasons and typical of imperialist countries. They also thought that God wanted them to help the people and expand, which is another typical imperialist thought. Clearly, the United States of America were imperialist.
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